Methodology
AI Risks
1. Uncontrollable AI. Uncontrolled robots pose a risk to human safety through their erratic actions. Governments should enact legislation requiring tech-working units to refrain from totally excluding human participation in AI systems at this point in the development of AI. This principle requires businesses and organizations developing AI programs to have a backup plan in place for when the system becomes uncontrollable.
Question 1: Does the country's legislation require AI developers to maintain human control over the AI system they have developed?
2. Academic AI. Individual groups can carry out research on weapons of mass destruction that could prove hazardous to communities by using AI systems for academic reasons. It increases the availability of chemical and biological weapons and facilitates access to their development processes. Several nuclear-armed powers can reveal the secrets of their missiles and nuclear weapons to other nations. AI systems with strong academic research potential have the ability to not only incite a state arms race but also transfer these techniques to non-state actors and threaten the current system of regulating WMDs.
One way to monitor the use of artificial intelligence is through state legislation that limits uncertified access to sophisticated academic AI systems. It might keep the world from devolving into a war involving weapons of mass destruction.
Question 2: Does the country impose restrictions on access to advanced academic AI systems from uncertified sources?
3. Social Scoring. Governments may use discriminatory algorithms on their electronic platforms that target social minorities and support apartheid and segregation. Second, AI systems might be used to assess citizens based on how faithful they are to the rules and limit their basic rights. Third, those who have not yet committed a crime but have the capacity to do so are penalized by social scoring systems that use AI algorithms. People's freedom thus gets restricted and their fundamental rights continue to be threatened.
To mitigate the case, the community must have access to AI algorithms utilized in the public sector. Furthermore, it must be possible for independent specialists to frequently study and evaluate AI algorithms.
Question 3: Are the algorithms of national AI projects open for public discussion in the country?
4. Manipulative AI. Deepfakes and chatbots with either unreliable data or deliberately accumulated data sources are examples of systems that can be exploited to sway public opinion. An AI chatbot may provide deliberate and restricted responses if the data source is subject to stringent regulations, but it may also generate inaccurate information from an abundance of internet-based data. Both situations have the potential to manipulate the public in the absence of legislation that simultaneously protects freedom of speech and identifies reliable data sources.
Question 4: Does country regulation mandate the use of reliable data sources for AI model training?
5. Data Exploitation. Since data is a fundamental component of artificial intelligence, developers need more data in order to train their models. It can occasionally lead to the misuse of personal information. Governments should enact laws pertaining to the protection and security of personal data and prohibit the use of data for AI model training without consent to hold AI developers more accountable.
Question 5: Does country legislation protect personal data from misuse?
6. AI Militarization. Big data analysis and automated targeting are two uses of military AI. Some nations now prioritize developing lethal autonomous weaponry that improves targeting precision and allows them to utilize smaller weapons to destroy enemy warehouses and vital infrastructure. Nonetheless, the race for AI weapons feeds states' aspirations for armaments and helps to rebalance the existing power structure.
Question 6: Does the country have plans to develop AI (automated weapons) as part of its military strategy?
Sources
Egypt
Egyptian Charter for Responsible AI
Egypt’s views on: “Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems” resolution A/78/241
Morocco
Law No. 09-08 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data
Tunisia
Law on the Protection of Personal Data
Canada
Artificial Intelligence Strategy
United States
Pentagon Official Lays Out DOD Vision for AI
Mexico
Federal Law on Protection of Personal Data Held by Private Parties
Salvador
Nicaragua
Panama
Colombia
Brazil
Argentina
Ley de Protección de los Datos Personales
Uruguay
AI Strategy for the Digital Government
Ecuador
Personal Data Protection Organic Law
Peru
Ley de Protección de Datos Personales
Chile
Malaysia
Indonesia
China
Cyberspace Administration of China
Provisions on the Management of Algorithmic Recommendations in Internet Information Services
Interim Measures for the Management of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services
Personal Information Protection Law
New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan
India
Digital Personal Data Protection Act
Kazakhstan
Law on Personal Data and Its Protection
Japan
Act on the Protection of Personal Information
South Korea
Personal Information Protection Act
Philippines
Thailand
Vietnam
Decree on Personal Data Protection
Singapore
Iran
Mongolia
Saudi Arabia
Oman
Executive Regulation of the Personal Data Protection Law
Armenia
On Protection of Personal Data
Georgia
Law of Georgia on Personal Data Protection
The United Arab Emirates
The UAE Charter for the Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence
Federal Decree by Law No. (45) of 2021 Concerning the Protection of Personal Data
Qatar
Artificial Intelligence in Qatar – Principles and Guidelines for Ethical Development and Deployment
Personal Data Privacy Protection
Israel
Israel’s Policy on Artificial Intelligence. Regulation and Ethics
Jordan
National Charter of Ethics for AI
Uzbekistan
Kyrgyzstan
Bahrain
Law No. (30) of 2018 with Respect to Personal Data Protection Law
Australia
New Zealand
Kenya
South Africa
National Artificial Intelligence Framework
Protection of Personal Information Act
Ireland
AI-Here for Good. A National Artificial Intelligence Strategy for Ireland
General Data Protection Regulation
Spain
Royal Decree 817/2023 on Artificial Intelligence
General Data Protection Regulation
Agencia Española de Supervisión de la Inteligencia Artificial
Germany
Public Sector dimension of AI Strategy
General Data Protection Regulation
Greece
Democratising AI. A National Strategy for Greece
General Data Protection Regulation
Czech Republic
National Artificial Intelligence Strategy of the Czech Republic
The Czech Armed Forces Vision of Future Warfare Beyond 2040
General Data Protection Regulation
France
La loi Informatique et Libertés
Sweden
General Data Protection Regulation
Norway
National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence
Submission by Norway on Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems to the UN
Denmark
National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence
General Data Protection Regulation
Austria
Artificial Intelligence Mission Austria 2030
General Data Protection Regulation
Latvia
General Data Protection Regulation
Lithuania
General Data Protection Regulation
Estonia
Estonia: Public Sector dimension of AI Strategy
General Data Protection Regulation
United Kingdom
Planning and preparing for artificial intelligence implementation
UK General Data Protection Regulation
British Army’s Approach to Artificial Intelligence
Poland
General Data Protection Regulation
Policy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence in Poland
Slovakia
General Data Protection Regulation
Finland
Finland joins the Declaration on Responsible Military Use of Artificial Intelligence and Autonomy
General Data Protection Regulation
Iceland
Act on Data Protection and the Processing of Personal Data
Russia
National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence
Federal Law on Personal Data (No. 152-FZ)
Italy
Italy’s AI Strategy for 2024-2026: The Key Points
Exploring the Benefits of a New Force Enabler
General Data Protection Regulation
Belgium
General Data Protection Regulation
Hungary
General Data Protection Regulation
Romania
General Data Protection Regulation
Bulgaria
Belarus
The Belarusian Data Protection Act
The Netherlands
General Data Protection Regulation
Turkiye
Enabling Technology of Future Warfare
Cyprus
General Data Protection Regulation